The Third Symposium on The Ocean in a High-CO₂ World, sponsored by SCOR, IOC, and IGBP, was held 24-27 September 2012 in Monterey, California, USA. More than twice as many researchers participated than in the 2008 gathering, with 540 scientists attending from 37 countries, to discuss ocean acidification’s impacts on ecosystems, socioeconomic consequences, and implications for policy. Papers from the meeting were published in a special collection of Biogeosciences (first published online in 2013).

Ocean Acidification Summary for Policymakers: Third Symposium on the Ocean in a High-CO₂ World [Download the full pdf. (PDF, 5 MB)]

• High resolution A3-size jpg of pH infographic (5 MB)
• High resolution A3-size jpg of aragonite infographic (5 MB) 

Meeting website: http://www.highco2-iii.org/main.cfm?cid=2259
Presentation videos: http://bambuser.com/channel/igbp
Symposium Program and Abstracts Book 2012 (5 MB)

PLENARY PRESENTATIONS

• History of Ocean Acidification Science [PPT, 6 MB]: Peter Brewer, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
• Integrating climate-related stressor effects on marine organisms [PDF, 10 MB; click here for Nature publication]: Hans-Otto Pörtner, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Germany
• Acclimation and adaption to ocean acidification: Genomics, physiology, and behavior [PPT, 9.4 MB]: Gretchen Hofmann, University of California, Santa Barbara
• Biogeochemical consequences of ocean acidification and feedbacks to the Earth system: Richard Matear [click here for Bambuser video]
• Interactions of ocean acidification with physical climate change [PDF, 3.5 MB]: Laurent Bopp
• Past records of ocean acidification [PPT, 7 MB]: Daniela Schmidt
• Changes in ocean carbonate chemistry since the Industrial Revolution: Richard Zeebe
• Ecosystem change, resilience and resistance in response to ocean acidification [PPT, 7 MB; click here for Bambuser video of presentation]: Steve Widdicombe
• Impacts of ocean acidification on food webs and fisheries [PPT, 6 MB; click here for Bambuser video of presentation]: Beth Fulton
• Understanding the economics of ocean acidification [PDF, 1.2 MB; click here for draft book chapter]: Luke Brander
• Policy and governance in the context of ocean acidification: Implications, solutions, and barriers [PPT, 5.6 MB]: Beatrice Crona
• Closing plenary: What progress has been made in ocean acidification research since the Monaco symposium in 2008? What are we likely to achieve by the next symposium in 2016? [PPT, 5.4 MB]: Sam Dupont, Gothenburg University [Closing of the Symposium on Bambuser video]
• Summary of the scientific results from the symposium [PPT, 12 MB]: Dr. Joanie Kleypas, National Center for Atmospheric Research (Climate and Global Dynamics)

DETAILED PROGRAM

SUNDAY, 23 SEPTEMBER

16:00 Registration desk opens. 16:00-17:00 COMPASS Ocean Acidification Tapas Panel Discussion. 17:00-19:00 Icebreaker Reception.

MONDAY, 24 SEPTEMBER

Steinbeck Forum – Moderator: Ulf Riebesell, Chair, Planning Committee, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany

Opening & Welcome
8:30-8:45 Julie Packard, Monterey Bay Aquarium
8:45-9:00 Ulf Riebesell, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany

Opening plenary

9:00-9:30 History of Ocean Acidification Science [PPT, 6 MB]: Peter Brewer, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute

Plenary Session 1

9:30-10:00 Integrating climate-related stressor effects on marine organisms [PDF, 10 MB; click here for Nature publication]: Hans-Otto Pörtner, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Germany

10:00-10:30 Acclimation and adaption to ocean acidification: Genomics, physiology, and behavior [PPT, 9.4 MB]: Gretchen Hofmann, University of California, Santa Barbara

10:30 – 11:00 – Coffee Break

Parallel Sessions

Responses of marine organisms and ecosystems to multiple environmental stressors

Steinbeck Forum – Session Chair: Hans-Otto Pörtner, Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany

• 11:00 Ocean acidification and changing structures of ocean ecosystems [PDF, 2 MB] – Ken Denman
• 11:15 Multistressor controls on biodiversity: lessons from global oxygen-minimum, carbon-maximum zones – Lisa Levin and Christina A. Frieder
• 11:30 Deep-sea gas exchange rates in a high CO₂ world: Oxygen – Andreas Hofmann, Edward T. Peltzer, and Peter G. Brewer
• 11:45 Deep-sea gas exchange rates in a high CO₂ world: Carbon dioxide – Peter G. Brewer, Andreas F. Hofmann, and Edward T. Peltzer
• 12:00 Interactive effects of ocean acidification, temperature and seasonal timing in the marine benthos [PDF, 2 MB] – Jasmin Godbold and Martin Solan
• 12:15 Summary/Discussion

Ecosystem change and resilience in response to ocean acidification

San Carlos III – Session Chair: Anya Waite, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia

• 11:00 Reef resilience and vulnerability consequences of ocean acidification – Kenneth R. Anthony
• 11:15 The Atlantic Ocean acidification test bed: measurements of net ecosystem calcification by five different methods in Puerto Rico and the Florida Keys [PPT, 2.6 MB] – Chris Langdon, Dwight Gledhill, Wade McGillis, Brice Loose, Derek Manzello, and Ian Enochs
• 11:30 Ocean Acidification Refugia of the Florida Reef Tract – Derek P. Manzello, Ian C. Enochs, Nelson Melo, Dwight K. Gledhill and Libby Johns
• 11:45 Coral reefs and CO₂ seeps: Direct CO₂ effects, flow-on ecosystem changes and thresholds along CO₂ gradients [PDF, 1 MB] – Katharina E. Fabricius
• 12:00 Ocean acidification affects recruitment and competition in benthic communities surrounding natural CO₂ vents – Kristy J. Kroeker, Fiorenza Micheli, and Maria C. Gambi
• 12:15 Summary/Discussion

Acclimation and adaptation to ocean acidification: Genomics, physiology, and behavior

San Carlos IV – Session Chair: Philip Munday, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia

• 11:00 A four year experimental evolution study of adaptation to increased CO₂ in the N₂-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium – David A Hutchins, Nathan G. Walworth, Eric A. Webb, Nathan S. Garcia, Avery O. Tatters, Elizabeth K. Yu, Cynthia Breene, and Feixue Fu
• 11:15 Rapid evolution of a key phytoplankton species to ocean acidification – Kai T. Lohbeck, Ulf Riebesell, and Thorsten Reusch
• 11:30 Long-term effects of CO₂ and temperature on the pennate diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis [PDF, 2 MB] – Michael Y. Roleda, Yuanyuan Feng, Feixue Fu, Avery Tatters, Catriona L Hurd, Philip W. Boyd, and David A. Hutchins
• 11:45 Effects of ocean acidification on the eco-physiology of calcareous and toxic dinoflagellates [PPT, 2.4 MB] – Tim Eberlein, Dedmer B. Van De Waal, Uwe John, and Björn Rost
• 12:00 Combined effects of different CO₂ levels and nitrogen sources on the N2-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium [click here for link to abstract, DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12172 (2014)] – Meri Eichner, Sven A. Kranz, and Björn Rost
• 12:15 Summary/Discussion
• 12:30-14:00 – Lunch

Parallel Sessions (continued)

Responses of marine organisms and ecosystems to multiple environmental stressors

Steinbeck Forum – Session chair: Ken Denman, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

• 14:00 Is ocean acidification a significant threat to tropical coral reefs? [PDF, 16 MB] – Andy Ridgwell, Elena Couce, and Erica Hendy
• 14:15 Interactive effect of elevated pCO₂ and temperature on coral physiology and calcification: A glimmer of hope? [PPT, 3 MB; click here for PLoS ONE publication] – Andrea G. Grottoli, Verena Schoepf, Mark E. Warner, Wei-Jun Cai, Todd Melmann, Justin Baumann, Yohei Matsui, Daniel T. Pettay, Kenneth Hoadley, Hui Xu, Yongchen Wang, Quian Li, and Xinping Hu
• 14:30 Combined effects of ocean acidification and petroleum-related drilling mud: A study with the scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa – Bechmann, Renée K., Stig Westerlund, Nadia Aarab, Arve Osland, Ingrid C. Taban, and Thierry Baussant
• 14:45 A fine-scale analysis of bioerosion rates in response to natural environmental variability [PPT, 6 MB] – Nyssa Silbiger, Oscar Guadayol, Florence Thomas, and Megan Donahue
• 15:00 Effects of Ocean Acidification versus Global Warming on Reef Bioerosion – lessons from a clionaid sponge [PPT, 5 MB; click links for PLoS ONE publication and Aquatic Biology publication] – Max Wisshak, Christine Schönberg, Armin Form, and André Freiwald
• 15:15 Summary/Discussion

Ecosystem change and resilience in response to ocean acidification

San Carlos III – Session Chair: Chris Langdon, University of Miami, Florida, USA

• 14:00 Physiological changes in crustose coralline algae scale up to alter competitive interactions in response to acidification [PDF, 7 MB] – Sophie J. McCoy, Robert T. Paine, Catherine A. Pfister, and J. Timothy Wootton
• 14:15 Effects of ocean acidification on benthic biogeochemistry and primary production – Natalie R. Hicks, Ashleigh Currie, and Henrik Stahl
• 14:30 Changes to an Arctic sediment nitrogen cycling community in response to increased CO₂ – Karen Tait, Bonnie Laverock, and Stephen Widdicombe
• 14:45 Impact of ocean acidification on the sea urchin Echinometra mathaei and its roles as grazer and bioeroder in coral reefs [click for Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology publication] – Laure Moulin, Julien Leblud, Antoine Batigny, Philippe Dubois, and Philippe Grosjean
• 15:00 Determining the resilience of ecologically-important intertidal invertebrates to elevated CO₂ and temperature: physiological responses and energetic trade-offs – Samuel P. Rastrick, Piero Calosi, Helen Findlay, Helen Graham, Jasmin Godbold, Chris Hauton, Ana Queiros, Martin Solan, John I. Spicer, Nia M. Whiteley, and Stephen Widdicombe
• 15:15 Summary/Discussion

Acclimation and adaptation to ocean acidification: Genomics, physiology, and behavior

San Carlos IV – Session Chair: David Hutchins, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA

• 14:00 Resistance to CO₂-driven seawater acidification in larval purple sea urchins – Tyler G. Evans and Gretchen E. Hofmann
• 14:15 Mechanism of compensation for CO₂ induced acid-base balance disturbance in marine fish [PDF, 2 MB] – Martin Grosell, Rachael Heuer, and Andrew Esbaugh
• 14:30 Near-future ocean acidification really does influence fertilization success in marine invertebrates? A meta-analysis – Jon N. Havenhand, Mary Sewell, and Jane Williamson
• 14:45 High CO₂ rearing slows early development and alters metabolic status of larval kina, the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus – Daniel W. Baker, Michael E. Hudson, Anthony Hickey, and Mary A. Sewell
• 15:00 Long term exposure to high-CO₂ compares paternal effect in the calcareous tube building polychaete Hydroides elegans – Ackley C. Lane and Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
• 15:15 Summary/Discussion
• 15:30 – 16:00 – Coffee Break

Parallel Sessions (continued)

Responses of marine organisms and ecosystems to multiple environmental stressors

Steinbeck Forum – Session chair: Kai Schulz: GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany

• 16:00 Rising carbon dioxide and increasing light exposure act synergistically to reduce marine primary productivity – Kunshan Gao, Juntian Xu, Guang Gao, Yahe Li, David A. Hutchins, Bangqin Huang, Ying Zheng, Peng Jin, Xiaoni Cai, Donat-Peter Häder, Wei Li, Kai Xu, Nana Liu, and Ulf Riebesell
• 16:15 Climate change effects on summer and spring bloom phytoplankton communities? Two multifactorial studies on ocean acidification, temperature and salinity – Maria Karlberg, My Björk, Melissa Chierici, Julie Dinasquet, Malin Olofsson, Lasse Riemann, Franciska Steinhoff, Anders Torstensson, and Angela Wulff
• 16:30 Climate change effects on seagrasses, macroalgae and their ecosystems: Elevated DIC, temperature, OA and their interactions [PDF, 3.3 MB] – Marguerite S. Koch, George E. Bowes, Cliff Ross, and Xing-Hai Zhang
• 16:45 Combined impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) – Richard C. Zimmerman and Victoria J. Hill
• 17:00 Low level dissolved oxygen and ph effects on the early development of market squid, Doryteuthis opalescens – Michael O. Navarro, Christina A. Frieder, Jennifer Gonzalez, Emily Bockmon, and Lisa A. Levin
• 17:15 Summary/Discussion

Biogeochemical consequences of ocean acidification and feedbacks to the Earth system

San Carlos III – Session Chair: Scott Doney, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA

• 16:00 The effect of ocean acidification and temperature increase on benthic ecosystem functioning in contrasting sediment types – Jan Vanaverbeke, Ulrike Braeckman, Carl Van Colen, and Magda Vincx
• 16:15 Permeable carbonate sands modify the carbon chemistry of overlying waters – Bradley D. Eyre, Isaac Santos, and Tyler Cyronak
• 16:30 Seawater Carbonate Chemistry Dynamics on Davies Reef Flat, Central Great Barrier Reef: A Seasonal Comparison [PDF, 3.8 MB] – Rebecca Albright
• 16:45 The high variability CO₂ world of Hawaiian coral reefs – Patrick S. Drupp, Eric H. De Carlo, Robert Thompson, Fred T. Mackenzie, Frank Sansone, Andreas Andersson, Sylvia Musielewicz, Stacy Maenner-Jones, Christopher L. Sabine, and Richard A. Feely
• 17:00 Does ocean acidification amplify global warming by reducing marine biogenic sulfur production? – Katharina D. Six, Silvia Kloster, Tatiana Ilyina, Ernst Maier-Reimer, Kai Zhang, and Stephen D. Archer
• 17:15 Summary/Discussion

Acclimation and adaption to ocean acidification: Genomics, physiology, and behavior

San Carlos IV – Session Chair: Adina Paytan, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA

• 16:00 Has evolution solved the ocean acidification problem? [PDF, 3.2 MB] Transcriptome-wide scan reveals genes potentially affected by ocean acidification in red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) along the California coast – Pierre De Wit and Stephen R. Palumbi
• 16:15 Changes in prey-predator interaction and avoidance behavior may result from ocean acidification – Patricio H. Manriquez, Marco A. Lardies, Cristian A. Vargas, Rodrigo Torres, Loreto Mardones, Maria Elisa Jara, Cristian Duarte, Jorge M. Navarro, and Nelson A. Lagos
• 16:30 Transgenerational acclimation to ocean acidification in reef fish [PDF, 3 MB] – Gabrielle M. Miller, Sue-Ann Watson, Jennifer M. Donelson, Mark I. McCormick, and Philip L. Munday
• 16:45 Ocean acidification alters behaviour and interferes with brain function in marine fish – Philip Munday
• 17:00 Adult exposure influences offspring response to ocean acidification in oysters – Laura M. Parker, Pauline M. Ross, Wayne A. O’Connor, Larissa Borysko, David A. Raftos, and Hans-Otto Pörtner
• 17:15 Summary/Discussion
• 17:30-19:30 – Poster Session – Serra I
• 18:30 Reception (COMPASS Mixer) – Serra II (adjoining the poster session, see p 8)

TUESDAY, 25 SEPTEMBER

Steinbeck Forum – Moderator: James P. Orr, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l’Environnement, Saclay, France

Plenary Session 2

8:30-9:00 Biogeochemical consequences of ocean acidification and feedbacks to the Earth system: Richard Matear

9:00-9:30 Interactions of ocean acidification with physical climate change: Laurent Bopp [PDF, 3.5 MB]

9:30-10:00 Past records of ocean acidification [PPT, 7 MB]: Daniela Schmidt

10:00-10:30 Changes in ocean carbonate chemistry since the Industrial Revolution: Richard Zeebe

10:30 – 11:00 – Coffee Break

Parallel Sessions

Responses of marine organisms and ecosystems to multiple environmental stressors

Steinbeck Forum – Session chair: Jon Havenhand, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö Marine Biological Laboratory, Strömstad, Sweden

• 11:00 Reproduction in a changing ocean: The effects of long term exposure to combined multiple stressors – Helen Graham, Samuel Rastrick, Gary S. Caldwell, Matthew G. Bentley, Stephen Widdicombe, and Anthony S. Clare
• 11:15 Persistent, multistressor effects across life stage transitions in Olympia oysters – Annaliese Hettinger, Brian Gaylord, Eric Sanford, Tessa M. Hill, and Ann D. Russell
• 11:30 Physiological responses of invertebrate sperm to a contaminated, high CO₂ ocean: Mechanisms and consequences? – Ceri Lewis, Karen Chan, and Sam Dupont
• 11:45 Physiological response of the stenothermal Antarctic fish Notothenia rossii to ocean warming and acidification [PPT, 3.4 MB] – Felix C. Mark, Anneli Strobel, Elettra Leo, Swaantja Bennecke, Martin Graeve, and Hans-Otto Pörtner
• 12:00 Populations living along a thermo-latitudinal gradient vary in their response and vulnerability to ocean acidification and warming – Piero Calosi, Sedercor Melatunan, Jonathan J. Byrne, Robert L. Davidson, Mark Viant, Steve Widdicombe, and Simon Rundle
• 12:15 Summary/Discussion

Interactions of ocean acidification with physical climate change

San Carlos III – Session Chair: Rik Wanninkhof, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Institution, Miami, Florida, USA

• 11:00 Projected acidification in the IPCC AR5-era Earth System models – James C. Orr, Laurent Bopp, P. Cadule, V. Cocco, P. Halloran, C. Heinze, Fortunat Joos, Andreas Oschlies, J. Segschneider, J. Tjiptura, and Ian Totterdell
• 11:15 Ocean productivity and carbonate saturation state enhanced by the calving of the Mertz Glacier tongue – Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Bronte Tilbrook, and Steve Rintoul
• 11:30 Evaluating the controls on organic matter transport efficiency in an Earth System model: Implications for future warming and ocean acidification – Lauren J. Gregoire and Andy Ridgwell
• 11:45 The Southern Ocean in a high-CO₂ world: Changes in inorganic and organic carbon fluxes [PDF, 2 MB; click here for Global Biogeochemical Cycles publication] – Judith Hauck, Christoph Voelker, Tingting Wang, Mario Hoppema, Martin Losch, and Dieter A. Wolf-Gladrow
• 12:00 Impact of rapid sea-ice reduction in the Arctic Ocean on the rate of ocean acidification – Akitomo Yamamoto, Michio Kawamiya, Akio Ishida, Yasuhiro Yamanaka, and Shingo Watanabe
• 12:15 Summary/Discussion

Acclimation and adaption to ocean acidification: Genomics, physiology, and behavior

San Carlos IV – Session Chair: Laura Parker, University of Western Sydney, Australia

• 11:00 Acclimation and adaptation potential of corals to calcification at low saturation – Insights from field observations [PPT, 8 MB] – Adina Paytan, Elizabeth D. Crook, Anne L. Cohen, Laura Hernandez-Terrones, and Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra
• 11:15 Assessing physiological tipping points in response to ocean acidification [PDF, 2 MB] – Narimane Dorey, Pauline Lancon, Mike Thorndyke, and Sam Dupont
• 11:30 Austral vs. Antarctic notothenioids: Mitochondrial responses to ocean acidification – Anneli Strobel, Hans-Otto Pörtner, and Felix C. Mark
• 11:45 Proteomic responses of mollusks to elevated pCO₂: Signs of oxidative stress – Lars Tomanek, Marcus J. Zuzow, Anna V. Ivanina, Elia Beniash, and Inna M. Sokolova
• 12:00 Physiological sensing of acid/base conditions via soluble adenylyl cyclase and cyclic AMP [click the following links for Journal of Experimental Biology and Nature Scientific Reports publications] – Martin Tresguerres, Jinae N. Roa, and Megan E. Barron
• 12:15 Summary/Discussion
• 12:30-14:00 – Lunch

Parallel Sessions (continued)

Responses of marine organisms and ecosystems to multiple environmental stressors

Steinbeck Forum – Haruko Kurihara, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan

• 14:00 Long term, trans-generational impacts of temperature and ocean acidification in keystone intertidal species – Nova Mieszkowska and Mike T. Burrows
• 14:15 Interactive effects of ocean acidification and warming on aspects of the developmental ecophysiology of the European lobster, Homarus gammarus – Daniel P. Small, Piero Calosi, John I. Spicer, Dominic Boothroyd, and Steve Widdicombe
• 14:30 Effects of ocean acidification and warming on cellular processes in gills of the great spider crab Hyas araneus – Lars Harms, Melanie Schiffer, Felix C. Mark, Daniela Storch, Christoph Held, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Stephan Frickenhaus, Lars Tomanek, and Magnus Lucassen
• 14:45 Barnacles’ response to Ocean Acidification - a multiple stressor, a multiple life stage and a multiple population approach [click here for link to Global Change Biology publication] – Christian Pansch, Iris Schaub, Ali Nasrolahi, Jonathan Havenhand, and Martin Wahl
• 15:00 Impact of elevated seawater pCO₂ on thermal tolerance and response to thermal stress in spider crab larvae – Melanie Schiffer, Lars Harms, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Felix C. Mark, Jonathon Stillman, and Daniela Storch
• 15:15 Summary/Discussion

Effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms

San Carlos III – Session Chair: Daniela Schmidt, University of Bristol, UK

• 14:00 Are oceanic scallop and abalone molluscs less resilient to ocean acidification? –Pauline M. Ross, Laura M. Parker, Elliot Scanes, and Wayne A. O’Connor
• 14:15 Consequences of ocean acidification for North Atlantic larval bivalves [PDF, 2 MB] – Christopher J. Gobler and Stephanie C. Talmage
• 14:30 Impacts of ocean acidification on Macoma balthica larvae in the Baltic Sea – Anna E. Jansson, Joanna Norkko, and Alf Norkko
• 14:45 Clam early life history in a high CO₂ world: ocean acidification effects on fertilization, embryogenesis and larval development of Macoma balthica [PPT, 3 MB; click here for link to PLoS ONE publication] – Carl Van Colen, Elisabeth Debusschere, Ulrike Braeckman, Dirk Van Gansbeke, and Magda Vincx
• 15:00 The proteome response of larval stages of Crassostrea hongkongensis to long term exposure to high-CO₂ – Dineshram Ramadoss and Thiyagarajan Venkatesan
• 15:15 Summary/Discussion

Acclimation and adaption to ocean acidification: Genomics, physiology, and behavior and New concerns in ocean acidification research

San Carlos IV – Session Chair: Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Laboratoire d’Océanographie, Villefranche-sur-mer, France

• 14:00 A physiological trade-off in mussels exposed to ocean acidification-immune system plasticity ensures survival but at the cost of reproduction [PDF, 1.3 MB] – Robert P. Ellis, Helen Parry, John I. Spicer, Thomas H. Hutchinson, and Steve Widdicombe
• 14:15 A mechanistic basis to the response of corals to ocean acidification: Seawater acidification reduces intracellular and extracellular pH at the tissue-skeleton interface – Alexander A.Venn, Eric Tambutté, Michael Holcomb, Julien Laurent, Denis Allemand, and Sylvie Tambutté
• 14:30 Ocean acidification impairs prey detection in deep sea hermit crabs but varies greatly among individuals – Taewon Kim, Josi Taylor, Chris Lovera, and Jim Barry
• 14:45 The need to manipulate natural variability in pH in ocean acidification experiments [PPT, 4 MB] – Christopher E. Cornwall, Christopher D. Hepburn, Christina McGraw, Kim Currie, Conrad Pilditch, Keith A. Hunter, Phillip W. Boyd, and Catriona L. Hurd
• 15:00 Anthropogenic changes to seawater buffer capacity induce extreme future CO₂ conditions on a pristine coral reef [PDF, 1 MB] – Emily Shaw, Ben McNeil, Bronte Tilbrook, and Richard Matear
• 15:15 Summary/Discussion
• 15:30 – 16:00 – Coffee Break

Parallel Sessions (continued)

Responses of marine organisms and ecosystems to multiple environmental stressors

Steinbeck Forum – Session chair: Kunshan Gao, Xiamen University, China

• 16:00 Changes in Arctic phytoplankton community composition in response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [PPT, 1.7 MB; click here for link to Bambuser video presentation] – Kai G Schulz, Richard G. Bellerby, Corina Brussaard, Sgine Koch-Klavsen, Michael Meyerhöfer, Gisle Nondal, Anna Silyakova, Annegret Stuhr, and Ulf Riebesell
• 16:15 Combined effects of ocean acidification and iron availability on Southern Ocean phytoplankton communities [click here for link to PLoS One paper] – Clara Jule Marie Hoppe, C. Hassler, C. D. Payne, P. D. Tortell, B. Rost, and S. Trimborn
• 16:30 Ocean acidification and growth limitation synergistically magnify cellular toxicity in multiple harmful algal bloom species – Avery O. Tatters, Feixue Fu, and David A. Hutchins
• 16:45 Polar diatoms in a changing climate – Anders Torstensson , Mikael Hedblom, and Angela Wulff
• 17:00 Short-term response of natural microbial community to ocean acidification on and around the northwest European continental shelf – Sophie Richier , Christopher M. Moore, David J. Suggett, Alex J. Poulton, Ross Holland, Mark Stinchcombe, Mike V. Zubkov, Eric P. Achterberg, and Toby Tyrrell
• 17:15 Summary/Discussion

Effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms

San Carlos III – Session Chair: Katarina Fabricius, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia

• 16:00 Unraveling the Effect of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs [PPT, 4 MB] – Andreas J. Andersson, Nicholas Bates, Samantha de Putron, Andrew Collins, Dwight Gledhill, Christopher Sabine, Todd Martz, Patrick Drupp, Eric De Carlo, Fred Mackenzie, Coulson Lantz, Sam Kahng, and Chris Winn
• 16:15 The effects of ocean acidification on the precious Mediterranean red coral [PDF, 3 MB] – Lorenzo Bramanti, Sergio Rossi, Maricel Gouron, Juancho Movilla, Andrea Gori, Ángela Martínez, Carlos Dominguez-Carriò, Jordi Grinyo, Angel Lopez, Carles Pelejero, Eva Calvo, and Patrizia Ziveri
• 16:30 Ecophysiological changes of hermatypic scleractinians in high pCO₂ chemostat [PPT, 6.5 MB] – Julien Leblud, Antoine Batigny, Laure Moulin, and Philippe Grosjean
• 16:45 The biomineralization response of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa to ocean acidification – Laura C. Foster, Federica Ragazzola, Marlene Wall, Armin Form, and Daniela N. Schmidt
• 17:00 Mediterranean rocky shores under global change: response of macroalgae and sea urchins to ocean acidification [PPT, 5.5 MB] – Valentina Asnaghi, Mariachiara Chiantore, Luisa Mangialajo, Frédéric Gazeau, Patrice Francour, Samir Alliouane, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
• 17:15 Summary/Discussion

Changes in the oceanic carbonate system from the paleorecord to present

San Carlos IV – Session Chair: Richard Feely, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA

• 16:00 Acidificaiton rates of Iceland sea water masses [PPT, 3 MB] – Jon Olafsson, S.R. Olafsdottir, A. Benoit-Cattin and M. Danielsen
• 16:15 Observed changes in ocean acidification in the Southern Ocean over the last two decades – Andrew Lenton, B. Tilbrook and N. Metzl
• 16:30 Decadal change in the rate of ocean acidification in the western Pacific equatorial zone [PDF, 2.6 MB] – Masao Ishii, N. Kosugi, D. Sasano, K. Enyo, S. Saito, T. Nakano, T. Midorikawa, and H.Y. Inoue
• 16:45 Coralline algae as pH recorders on seasonal to centennial time scales – Jan Fietzke, Federica Ragazzola , Jochen Halfar, Haine Dietze, Laura C. Foster, Thor T. Hansteen , and Anton Eisenhauer
• 17:00 Ocean Acidification insights from exceptional coccolithophore fossils –Paul Bown, Samantha Gibbs, and Jeremy Young
• 17:15 Summary/Discussion
• 17:30-19:30 – Posters and Reception (Serra I)

WEDNESDAY, 26 SEPTEMBER

Steinbeck Forum – Moderator: James P. Barry, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, USA

Plenary Session 3

8:30-9:00 Ecosystem change, resilience and resistance in response to ocean acidification [PPT, 7 MB; click here for Bambuser video of presentation]: Steve Widdicombe
9:00-9:30 Impacts of ocean acidification on food webs and fisheries: Beth Fulton [PPT, 6 MB]

9:30-10:00 Understanding the economics of ocean acidification: Luke Brander [PDF, 1.2 MB; click here for draft book chapter]

10:00-10:30 Policy and governance in the context of ocean acidification: Implications, solutions, and barriers [PPT, 5.6 MB]: Beatrice Crona

10:30 – 11:00 – Coffee Break

Parallel Sessions

Responses of marine organisms and ecosystems to multiple environmental stressors

Steinbeck Forum – Session Chair: Felix Mark, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany

• 11:00 Giant clams in a high-CO₂ world and interacting effects of temperature – Sue-Ann Watson, Paul C. Southgate, Jonathan A. Moorhead, Gabrielle M. Miller, and Philip L. Munday
• 11:15 Physiological effects of elevated temperature and ocean acidification in two commercially important shellfish species from the Irish Sea – Nia M. Whiteley, Clara L. Mackenzie, Ruth E. Nicholls, Richard L. Patton, Daniel Lee, Ian D. McCarthy, and Shelagh K. Malham
• 11:30 Impact of ocean acidification on thermal tolerance related to acid-base regulation capacity of Mytilus edulis from the White Sea [PPT, 2.4 MB] – Zora Zittier, Christian Bock, and Hans-Otto Pörtner
• 11:45 Synergistic effects of ocean acidification and warming on shell dissolution and oxygen consumption of overwintering thecosmome pteropods in the Arctic (Spitsbergen) [PPT, 7 MB; click here for Bambuser video for this presentation and the next] – Sile Lischka and Ulf Riebesell
• 12:00 Impact of ocean basin on pteropod exposure and response to high CO₂ and low O₂ – Amy E. Maas, Zhaohui ‘Aleck’ Wang, and Gareth Lawson
• 12:15 Summary/Discussion

Effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms

San Carlos III – Session Chair: Lisa Levin, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA

• 11:00 The role of ocean acidification on coccolithophore distributions in polar and temperate seas [PPT, 4 MB] – Toby Tyrrell, Alex Poulton, Anastasia Charalampopoulou, Eithne Tynan, and Jeremy Young
• 11:15 Concept of carbonate chemistry dependent calcification rates in coccolithophores – Lennart T. Bach, Ulf Riebesell, and Kai G. Schulz
• 11:30 Disentangling the complexity behind the influence of OA on coccolithophore calcification: insights from differing cellular physiology in isochrysidale and coccolithale species – Magdalena A. Gutowska, Kerstin Suffrian, Nadja Fischer, Kai G. Schulz, Nina Himmerkus, Maria Mulisch, Martin Westermann, Ulf Riebesell, and Markus Bleich
• 11:45 Physiological performance and calcification of three coccolithophores under ocean acidification scenario – Slobodanka Stojkovic, Richard Matear, and John Beardall
• 12:00 The effects of ocean acidification on cellular physiology and release of DOM and TEP in multiple strains of Emiliania huxleyi – Kristine M. Okimura, I. Benner, S. Lefebvre, T. Komada1, J.H. Stillman, and E.J. Carpenter
• 12:15 Summary/Discussion

The social science implications of ocean acidification

San Carlos IV – Session Chair: Claire Armstrong, University of Tromsø, Norway

• 11:00 Economic consequences of ocean acidification – an estimate for Norway [PDF, 1.4 MB] – Isabel Seifert, Silje Holen, Claire Armstrong, and Ståle Navrud
• 11:15 The science into policy challenge of ocean acidification [PPT, 5.5 MB] – Carol Turley
• 11:30 The need for new conservation strategies and policies in a high CO₂ world [PDF, 1.3 MB] – Greg Rau, Elizabeth McLeod, and Ove Hough-Guldberg
• 11:45 Endangered oceans: Can environmental laws help? [PPT, 4.3 MB] – Miyoko Sakashita
• 12:00 How to evaluate the socio-economic impacts of ocean acidification? – Nathalie Hilmi, Denis Allemand, Sam Dupont, Alain Safa, Gunnar Haraldsson, Paulo A.L.D. Nunes, Chris Moore, Caroline Hattam, Stéphanie Reynaud, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Maoz Fine, Carol Turley, Ross Jeffree, James Orr, Philip L. Munday, and Sarah Cooley
• 12:15 Summary/Discussion
• 12:30-14:00 Lunch

Parallel Sessions (continued)

Detection and attribution of ocean acidification changes and effects

Steinbeck Forum – Session Chair: Yukihiro Nojiri, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan  [click here for Bambuser video of whole session]

• 14:00 Seasonal variability of the carbonate system along the Atlantic gateway to the Arctic Ocean [PPT, 3.8 MB] – Eithne Tynan, Toby Tyrrell, and Eric Achterberg
  14:15 The cost of (re-)calcification in a high CO₂ world [PPT, 3.8 MB] – Sam Dupont, Kit Yu Karen Chan, Mike Thorndyke, and Paola Oliveri
• 14:30 Seawater carbonate chemistry of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea – Bronte Tilbrook, Yukihiro Nojiri, Christopher Sabine, Andrew Lenton, Ken Anthony, Craig Neill, Erik van Ooijen, Richard Matear, and Craig Steinberg
• 14:45 An 8-month in situ ocean acidification experiment at Heron Island – David I. Kline, Lida Teneva, Kenneth Schneider, Thomas Miard, Aaron Chai, Malcolm Marker, Jack Silverman, Ken Caldeira, Brad Opdyke, Rob Dunbar, B. Gregory Mitchell, Sophie Dove, and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
• 15:00 The impacts of ocean acidification, upwelling, and respiration processes on aragonite saturation and pH along the Washington-Oregon-California continental margin in late summer 2011 – Richard Feely, Simone R. Alin, Lauren Juranek, Burke Hales, Robert Byrne, and Mark Patsavas
• 15:15 Summary/Discussion

Effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms

San Carlos III – Session Chair: Frank Melzner – GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany

• 14:00 Changes in carbon production in the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, over 700 generations under elevated CO₂ and temperature condition – Ina Benner, Tomoko Komada, Jonathon H. Stillman, and Edward J. Carpenter
• 14:15 Influence of CO₂ and nitrogen limitation on the coccolith volume of Emiliani huxleyi (Haptophyta) [PPT, 2.2 MB] – Marius N. Müller, Luc Beaufort, Olivier Bernard, Maria-Luiza Pedrotti, Amelié Talec, and Antoine Sciandra
• 14:30 Transcriptomic responses in Emiliana huxleyi to ocean acidification [PPT slideshow, 4 MB] – Sebastian D. Rokitta, Uwe John, and Björn Rost
• 14:45 High CO₂ alters the calcification mechanism in marine Synechococcus – Nina Kamennaya, Elizabeth A. Holman, Marcin Zemla, Laura Mahoney, Jenny A. Cappuccio, Hoi-Ying N. Holman, Krystle L. Chavarria, Stephanie M. Swarbreck, Caroline Ajo-Franklin, Manfred Auer, Trent Northen, and Christer Jansson
• 15:00 Buffering of calcium carbonate polymorph change by coralline algae in response to pCO₂ enrichment [click here for link to Global Change Biology publication] – Nicholas A. Kamenos, Jonathan D. Dunn, Piero Calosi, Helen S. Findlay, Steve Widdicomble, Elena Aloisio, and Heidi L. Burdett
• 15:15 Summary/Discussion

Impacts of ocean acidification on foodwebs and fisheries

San Carlos IV – Session Chair: Ned Cyr, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA

• 14:00 Ocean acidification-induced food quality deterioration constrains trophic transfer – Dennis Rossoll, J. Rafael Bermúdez, Helena Hauss, Kai G. Schulz, Ulf Riebesell, Ulrich Sommer, and Monika Winder
• 14:15 Ocean acidification and the Antarctic food web: If elevated pCO2 affects phytoplankton, will it matter to krill larvae? [PPT, 8.8 MB] – Cathryn A Wynn-Edwards, So Kawaguchi, Rob King, Andrew Davidson, Simon Wright, Peter D Nichols and Patti Virtue
• 14:30 Impacts of ocean acidification on early development of Antarctic krill [PDF, 2 MB] –So Kawaguchi, Rob King, Natasha Waller, Zhongnan Jia, James P Robinson, Cathryn Wynn-Edwards, Bruce Deagle, Simon Jarman, Akio Ishida, Masahide Wakita, Stephen Nicol, Patti Virtue, Haruko Kurihara, Andrew Constable, Blair Smith, and Atsushi Ishimatsu
• 14:45 Consequences of ocean acidification for commercial species? Global case studies of the effects on fisheries and aquaculture – Christopher R. Bridges, Eva Kumpen, Claudia Tavares, Janina Kraft, Annika Ritter, Philipp Kinzler, Markus Schuett, Tanja Novak, Lutz Auerswald, Jarred Knapp, R.J .Atkinson, Philipp Smith, and Matt Naylor
• 15:00 Ocean acidification effects on the early life-stages of representative marine finfish of the Northeast USA – Christopher Chambers, E.A. Habeck, A.C. Candelmo, M.E. Poach, D. Wieczorek, B.A. Phelan, E.M. Caldarone, and K.R. Cooper [PPT, 5 MB; click here for the paper in Biogeosciences (2014)]
• 15:15 Summary/Discussion
• 15:30 – 16:00 – Coffee Break

Regional impacts of ocean acidification

Steinbeck Forum –Session Chair: Toby Tyrrell, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK  [click here for Bambuser video of whole session]

• 16:00 Effects of elevated pCO₂ on calcifying invertebrates in a CO₂ enriched habitat: Laboratory and field studies – Frank Melzner, Jorn Thomsen, Isabel Casties, Christian Pansch, Magdalena A Gutowska, and Arne Körtzinger
• 16:15 The effects of benthic metabolism on coastal carbonate chemistry, seasonal reef dissolution and the subsequent consequences for predicting reef accretion and coral growth under ocean acidification – Nancy Muehllehner and Chris Langdon
• 16:30 Controls on carbonate mineral saturation states and ocean acidification on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf [PPT, 3.3 MB] – Jessica Cross and Jeremy T. Mathis
• 16:45 Arctic ocean acidification: response to changes to the physical climate and biogeochemical cycling [PDF, 1.2 MB] – Richard Bellerby
• 17:00 Transition decades for ocean acidification in the California Current System [PPT, 2.4 MB] – Claudine Hauri, N. Gruber, M. Vogt, S.C. Doney, R.A. Feely, Z. Lachkar, A. Leinweber, A.M.P. McDonnell, M. Munnich, and G.K. Plattner
• 17:15 Summary/Discussion

Effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms

San Carlos III – Session Chair: Sam Dupont, The Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences, Fiskebackskil, Sweden

• 16:00 Impacts of ocean warming and acidification on echinoderm life histories from the poles to the tropics: the developmental domino effect – Maria Byrne
• 16:15 Impact of ocean acidification and river discharges on the coastal domain: implications for the metabolism of larval invertebrates – Cristian Vargas, M. De la Hoz, V. San Martín, J.M. Navarro, N.A. Lagos, M. Lardies, P.H. Manríquez, and R. Torres
• 16:30 Physiological compensation for environmental acidification is limited in the deep-sea urchin Strongylocentrotus fragilis – Josi R. Taylor, Christopher Lovera, Patrick Whaling, Eric Pane, Kurt Buck, and James P. Barry
• 16:45 Properties of biological materials secreted by bivalves under a range of carbonate chemistries – Michael J O’Donnell, Matthew George, and Emily Carrington
• 17:00 Synergistic effects of temperature and pCO₂ on photosynthesis, respiration and calcification in the free-living coralline alga Lithothamnion glaciale – Penelope J. Donohue, Sebastian Hennige, Murray Roberts, Maggie Cusack, and Nicholas Kamenos
• 17:15 Summary/Discussion

Impacts of ocean acidification on foodwebs and fisheries

San Carlos IV – Session Chair: Edward Peltzer, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California, USA

• 16:00 Resiliency of walleye pollock across early life stages and seasons to projected levels of ocean acidification – Thomas P. Hurst, Elena Fernandez, Jeremy Mathis, and Charlotte Stinson
• 16:15 Effects of ocean acidification on the growth and organ health of Atlantic herring larvae [PPT, 4 MB] – Andrea Y. Frommel, Rommel Maneja, David Lowe, Audrey J. Geffen, Arild Folkvord, Uwe Piatkowski, and Catriona Clemmesen
• 16:30 Using experiments and models to address the response of an estuarine food web to ocean acidification – Shallin Busch, Sarah Norberg, Michael Maher, Jason Miller, Jon Reum, and Paul McElhany
• 16:45 Are CO₂ emissions killing our sushi? Effects of ocean acidification on eggs and larvae of yellowfin tuna – Williamson, Jane, Jon Havenhand, Simon Nicol, Daniel Margulies, Don Bromhead, Vernon Scholey, Liette Vandine, Paul Duckett, Jeanne Wexler, Maria Santiago, Simon Hoyle, Peter Schlegel, and Michael Gillings
• 17:00 Growth and composition of phytoplankton cultivated at constant pH in present and future pCO₂ scenarios [PPT, 4 MB] – Knut Yngve Børsheim
• 17:30-18:00 – Closing of the Symposium
• 19:30 – 23:00 – Dinner at Monterey Bay Aquarium – it is about a 1.3 mile walk. Trolleys will be available outside the Conference Center and departing every 10 minutes, beginning at 18:30. The Aquarium will open at 19:30. Trolleys will also return from the Aquarium later in the evening.

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2012

DAY 4 – Understanding the Ocean in a Changing World

A special event jointly organized by the Ocean in a High CO₂ World Symposium and the Blue Ocean Film Festival (BOFF) hosted by BOFF at the Golden State Theatre, Monterey, 417 Alvarado Street.

MORNING SESSION:The Third International Symposium on the Ocean in a High CO₂ World

0830 – 0840 Introduction: Dan Laffoley, Chair of Europe’s Ocean Acidification Reference User Group

0840 – 0915 Summary of the scientific results from the symposium [PPT, 12 MB]: Dr. Joanie Kleypas, National Center for Atmospheric Research (Climate and Global Dynamics)

0915- 1145 Keynote address: Understanding the Ocean in a Changing World His Serene Highness Prince Albert II of Monaco

Panel discussion: “Responding to ocean acidification”

• Dr. Jane Lubchenco (Chair) Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco
• Dr. Jean-Pierre Gattuso, CNRS Senior Research Scientist, Laboratoire d’Océanographie, France
• Bill Dewey, Taylor Shellfish Farms, Washington
• Congressman Sam Farr (D-California)
• Media representative

With special guest interventions:

• The X-PRIZE* for ocean acidification sensor systems
• Google: the new ocean acidification tour in Google Earth

*The X PRIZE Foundation is a non-profit organization that designs and manages competitions to encourage technological development.

1145 – 1300 Lunch

AFTERNOON SESSION: Blue Ocean Film Festival

1300 – 1400 Igniting a movement: leveraging the power of celebrity – a panel discussion and insights on leveraging celebratory cachet for effective communications

1400 – 1545 DeepBLUE – Exploring our Deepest Oceans – a panel discussion moderated by Cpt. Don Walsh on the future of deep ocean exploration

1545 – 1650 DeepBLUE Micro talks – Life in the Abyss

2012 Blue Ocean Film Festival Every two years ocean leaders, filmmakers, photographers, scientists, explorers, entertainment executives and the general public gather in Monterey at the Blue Ocean Film Festival to celebrate the best in ocean filmmaking, to learn more about the issues facing our oceans, and to collaborate on improving the future of our oceans. The seven-day event is charged with energy as these diverse groups of people share knowledge and ideas with each other and with the general public. www.blueoceanfilmfestival.org

Google Liquid Galaxy During the symposium Google will be demoing its Liquid Galaxy system. Imagine Google Earth in 3D. Liquid Galaxy is an incredible rollercoaster ride around planet Earth. Step inside a chamber of monitors arranged in a circle around you, and fly anywhere in the world in seconds. Mountains, buildings, valleys, an even the ocean floor fill your peripheral vision.